Multipass Heat Exchanger
Multipass Heat Exchanger: In a multi-pass heater, the velocity of fluid can be increased. As a result, the …
Tubular Heat Exchanger
Tubular Heat Exchanger: Shell-and-tube heater is the simplest form of a tubular heater. It is a single-pass tubular …
Bucket Conveyors
Principle Bucket Conveyors The principle of bucket conveyors is horizontal, inclined, or vertically placed motor-driven chains carrying buckets …
Halogenation
Halogenation is accomplished by treating the aromatic compound with molecular halogens like Cl₂, Br₂ or I2 Fluorination is …
Sulfonation of Benzene
Sulfonation of Benzene: Sulfonation is the introduction of a sulpho group, -SO2OH into an organic compound. Various sulfonating …
Nitration on Benzene
Nitration on Benzene: The most commonly used methods of nitration based on the order of their reactivity, include: …
Electrophilic Substitution in Pyrrole
Pyridine and pyrrole are aromatic compounds and undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Pyridine substitutes preferentially at the 3-position, …
Electrophilic Substitution in Naphthalene
Electrophilic Substitution in Naphthalene: The aromatic compounds like naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene are called polycyclic aromatic compounds because …
Theory of Orientation
Theory of Orientation: Out of two important factors that govern the reactivity of aromatic rings towards an electrophile, …
Diaphragm Pump
The diaphragm pump is classified under the category of reciprocating pumps. Construction The construction of this pump is …