Carotenoid Structure
Carotenoids include many tetraterpenoid compounds which consist chain of eight isoprene units. The color and oxidizing tendency of …
Pharmacognosy
Extraction of Volatile Oils
Steam distillation, solvent extraction, or mechanical means like ecuelle and enfleurage methods are employed for the extraction purpose …
Volatile Oils
Terpenoids are the hydrocarbons of plant origin having general formula (C5H8)n. They are also oxygenated, hydrogenated and dehydrogenated …
Alkaloids In Pharmacognosy
The term alkaloid was introduced by W. Meissener at the beginning of the 19th century to designate natural …
Extraction of Alkaloids
The extraction of alkaloids is based as a general rule on the fact that they normally occur in …
Electrophoresis
Like chromatography, electrophoresis is another very important technique which is used for the separation of constituents. It is …
Uv Spectroscopy
UV spectroscopy plays a very important role in the identification of plant constituents. This may be either in …
High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography
In contrast to the column chromatography (like GLC, HPLC) planar chromatography utilizes a planar (flat) stationary phase for …
Gas Liquid Chromatography
Gas chromatography is generally divided into GSC (gas-solid chromatography) and GLC (gas-liquid chromatography). In either type, the gas …
High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Compare to the classical chromatography high-pressure liquid chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography has much better performance. Compare to …