Methods of Preparation of Phenols
Methods of Preparation of Phenols: Phenol was initially obtained by fractional distillation of coal tar. General Methods of …
Diazo Coupling Reaction
Diazo Coupling Reaction: The diazotization reaction, discovered by Griess in 1858, consists of the formation of diazonium salts …
Nitrosation
Nitrosation is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which the nitrosonium ion, NO is an effective electrophile. The …
Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger
Principle Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger: In this type of liquid-liquid heat exchanger, a spring-loaded scraper blade is included …
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
In a liquid-to-liquid heat interchanger, the fluid to be heated is passed only once through the tubes before …
Liquid to Liquid Heat Interchanger
Liquid to Liquid Heat Interchanger: The basic construction and working of any heat transfer equipment more or less …
Friedel Crafts Acylation
Friedel Crafts Acylation: The acylation reaction is the replacement of the hydrogen atom of certain functional groups ie, …
Floating Head Two Pass Heater
In floating-head two-pass heater. the ends of the tubes are structurally independent of the shell. Construction The construction …
Friedel Crafts Alkylation
Friedel Crafts Alkylation: In 1877, C. Friedel and J. Craft showed that benzene and its homologs are capable …